1)iridology definition from David J. Pesek, Ph.D.,
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What is Iridology
“The Iris, Sclera and Pupil of the eye show the veil the soul has created, through consciousness (or forgetfulness), that reflects the illusion which prepares the soul for attaining the reality of full enlightenment.”
~David J. Pesek, Ph.D., September 1988
An Introduction
منذ فترة طويلة يشار إلى العيون باسم “نوافذ الروح.” But few people are aware of just how true this observation is. Accurate analysis of iris structure and pigmentation provides information about you or your clients that is hard to find through other methods. This information is so valuable that Iridology deserves to become a widely practiced assessment tool in both the physical and psychological health fields. There are a multitude of factors that influence our health and personality, and many of these factors are reflected in the iris. Look closely at your eyes in a mirror, and then at the irises of those around you. You will see many different patterns of iris fibers and colors. Like fingerprints or faces, no two are exactly alike, and neither are we! The iris structure is so unique; it is now being used for security identification at ATM machines and airports. Microsoft’s house of the future will use an eye scanner to identify residents and unlock the door.
What is it?
Iridology is based on the scientific study of the iris — the colored part of the eye. Like markings on a map, the iris reveals physiological conditions, psychological health risks, challenges and/or strengths of various organs and personality traits.
Through iridology we can get an understanding of your past, present, and potential future health conditions by assessing the various body systems. Your inherited tendencies compounded by toxic accumulations in various parts of your body are also revealed.
The Science of Iridology is based on the analogy of one of the most complicated tissue structures of the whole body – the iris.
It is a method whereby the doctor or health practitioner can tell, from markings or signs in the iris, the reflex condition of various organs and systems of the body. These markings represent a detailed picture of the integrity of the body; it’s constitutional potentials, areas of congestion or toxic accumulations and inherent challenges and gifts.
المبادئ الأربعة التي تشكل حجر الزاوية في علم القزحية هي:
- حالة الأعصاب
- حالة الدم والجهاز الليمفاوي
- تداول كاف
- تَغذِيَة – نوعية الراحة والتنفس – الحالة الذهنية
Nature has provided us with an invaluable insight into the vital status of the health of the body by transmitting this information to the eye.
The laboratory testing procedures practiced today, which are not always necessary, are expensive, time-consuming and, often, uncomfortable to the patient. With iridology, we have a simple, painless, economical and non-invasive way of looking into the body. This is not to say that it should exclude other forms of analysis. On the contrary, it may be employed in conjunction with any other system of analysis or a diagnosis that a practitioner wishes to use. Now, more than any other time in history, we are in a need of accurate and less complex means of analyzing a patient’s condition.
Eighty percent of the diseases treated in this country are of a chronic nature. The tissue found in chronically afflicted patients can be monitored better in the iris of the eye than, possibly, by any other method of analysis.
Iridology gives an essential insight to the development of these chronic diseases or the diminishing of that disease or inflammation.
The Science of Iridology is based on the analysis of one of the most complicated tissue structures of the whole body-the iris. Iridology offers a unique perspective to the concept and practice of preventive health care. It involves a non-invasive diagnostic procedure, commonly used by the European practitioners and may be useful in the detection of existing conditions as well as inherited genetic weaknesses. It is known that approximately 300 thousand nerves from various parts of the body make their way to the optic nerve. Therefore, projection of systemic activity may be visible at the iris.
A Brief History of Iridology
بدأت أبحاث علم القزحية في عام 1670 عندما نشر الدكتور فيليبوس ماينز ورقة بحثية تصف عيون مرضاه عندما يمرضون أو يصابون. كما لاحظ تغيرات في العين تأتي مع الشفاء وتمكن من ربط نقاط على القزحية بأجزاء معينة من الجسم. ومن خلال مراقبة العين، تمكن في النهاية من تحديد مناطق الجسم التي تحتاج إلى الدعم والتي ستظهر في العين قبل وقت طويل من ظهور الأعراض الجسدية.
وبينما كانت العيون محط اهتمام الحضارات على مر العصور، “حديث” بدأ علم القزحية منذ ما يزيد قليلاً عن 100 عام. وفي أواخر القرن التاسع عشر، بدأ طبيب من المجر وآخر من السويد في مراقبة العيون وتنظيم نتائجها. كانت عملية المراقبة والربط هذه بطيئة، لكنها أرست أساسًا ليبني عليه الآخرون. طُبع أول كتاب عن علم القزحية في أمريكا، لطبيب نمساوي مهاجر، في عام 1904. وتلا ذلك أعمال أطباء N.D. وغيرهم من أطباء العلاج الطبيعي.
كان التقدم صعبًا أثناء العمل باستخدام معدات تكبير وتصوير محدودة. ثم مع ظهور AMA وغيرها من التأثيرات السياسية والاقتصادية وظهور “معجزة” الأدوية، انخفضت جميع ممارسات الطب الطبيعي تقريبًا في هذا البلد. يعود الفضل للدكتور برنارد جنسن في الحفاظ على علم القزحية حيًا في أمريكا الشمالية.
في أوروبا، خلق المناخ السياسي والاقتصادي المختلف بيئة سمحت لعلم القزحية (وغيره من ممارسات الطب الطبيعي) بالتطور. تم إجراء أبحاث واسعة النطاق في أوروبا وأصبح علم القزحية الآن مقبولًا على نطاق واسع باعتباره نهجًا قيمًا للرعاية الصحية الوقائية. حاليًا في الولايات المتحدة، يُظهر عدد أكبر من الأشخاص اهتمامًا بعلم القزحية كطريقة بديلة لتحسين الصحة. يمكنك الآن تجربة فوائد أداة/تقنية التقييم الرائعة هذه.
What are the benefits of Iridology?
يعالج علم القزحية الشخص بدلاً من الأعراض. من خلال فهم نقاط الضعف الجينية وأنماط رد الفعل لديك، يمكنك الحفاظ على التوازن والحماية من المرض. يتمتع الجسم بحكمته العلاجية الخاصة إذا أتيحت له الفرصة. يقدم علم القزحية طريقة اقتصادية بسيطة لتعلم كيفية العناية بجسمك.
الهدف الأساسي لعلم القزحية هو الوقاية من العمليات التنكسية الخطيرة من خلال دمج الدعم الغذائي والميكانيكي (تقويم العمود الفقري) والروحي والعاطفي. بعض فوائد علم القزحية هي:
- الوعي الصحي الشامل
- فهم كيفية تفاعل الأعضاء
- معرفة الأعضاء التي تكون أقل أو أكثر نشاطا
- التعرف على كيمياء الجسم بشكل عام
- - معرفة حالات الجهاز العصبي والهضمي والإخراجي واللمفاوي والهيكلي في الجسم.
القدرات:
- اكتشاف الالتهاب. سوف تظهر مكان وجود الالتهاب.
- يكشف عن مناطق في الجسم تتراكم فيها الحموضة أو يمكن أن تتراكم فيها.
- مستويات نشاط الجسم. سيظهر ما إذا كان أي جزء من جسمك نشطًا أكثر من اللازم أو أقل نشاطًا.
- اكتشاف المشكلة. سوف تظهر أين تحدث المشاكل في جسمك.
إن هذا التغيير في الأنسجة الذي يحدث لدى المريض هو ما يجعل علم القزحية ذا قيمة خاصة لأولئك المتخصصين في علاج الأمراض المزمنة.
معادلة الحالة الصحية
من أجل تقدير ما تكشفه القزحية بشكل كامل، دعونا نفكر أولاً في هذه المعادلة:
الحالة الصحية = الوراثة الجسدية + البيئة (النظام الغذائي، نمط الحياة، إلخ) + العوامل العاطفية/الروحية + العمر.
نحن جميعًا نرث مجموعات معينة من السمات الجسدية. يمكننا ملاحظة بعض هذه الأصول من شجرة عائلتنا، ولكن ما مدى تأثير ذلك عليك تحديدًا؟ النظام الغذائي ونمط الحياة لهما تأثير كبير على بعض الناس، ولكن لماذا يتمكن الآخرون من الإفلات من العقاب على إساءة استخدام أجسادهم؟ ما هي الجوانب العقلية والعاطفية التي تؤثر بشكل كبير على صحتنا الجسدية؟ ومع تقدمنا في السن، نفقد مرونتنا بمعدلات مختلفة.
ما هو معدلنا الفردي؟
يأخذ علم القزحية الكثير من التخمين حول هذه الأسئلة. إن العيش في الحياة بدون هذه المعلومات يشبه القيام برحلة بدون خريطة. ما هي فرص وصولك إلى وجهتك المطلوبة؟ هل ستصل إلى هناك بكفاءة، أم سينتهي بك الأمر باتخاذ العديد من المنعطفات على طول الطريق؟ وكيف ستعرف إلى أين تتجه بعد ذلك؟
باستخدام خريطة الطريق أو المخطط الموجود في القزحية، يمكنك معرفة مدى تماسكك (ومدى سوء المعاملة الذي يمكن لجسمك التعامل معه)، والمكان الذي سيميل فيه جسمك إلى المرض، (بما في ذلك أنظمة الأعضاء الأكثر عرضة للخطر)، وما هي الأسباب الأساسية المحددة التي تساهم في أعراضك (والتي قد تختلف من شخص لآخر يعاني من نفس الأعراض)، وما هي العوامل العاطفية أو السلوكية التي تؤثر على هذه الأنماط. باختصار، يمكنه أن يوضح لك من أين أتيت، وإلى أين تتجه، ونوع الجسم الذي تمتلكه للسيارة، ونوع السائق الذي أنت عليه. باستخدام هذه المعرفة، يمكنك التعامل بشكل أكثر فعالية مع التحديات الصحية وكذلك تحديد ممارسات الطب الوقائي التي ستكون أكثر أهمية بالنسبة لك لمتابعتها.
يتعامل علم القزحية مع إحدى الحقائق الأساسية في فنون العلاج، وهي حقيقة لم يتعامل معها الشكل المتوسط من التحليل بشكل صحيح.
أصبحت نسبة التشخيص الخاطئ كبيرة الآن تقريبًا كما كانت في عشرينيات القرن الماضي بسبب زيادة أعراض المرض. وهذه الزيادة، إلى جانب مجموعة من التفاعلات الناجمة عن الأشعة السينية والسلفا والأدوية الأخرى، واستخدامنا المستمر للأطعمة المكررة والمركبة، تجعل من الصعب تشخيص المرض بدقة. كما أن التغيرات في عادات المعيشة والتلوث والضغوط المتزايدة في العصر الحديث تغير أيضًا من مظاهر أعراض المرض المختلفة. وبناء على هذه الحقائق، فمن الواضح أن علم الأعراض وحده غالبا ما يكون غير كاف لتزويد طبيب التشخيص بالمعلومات الكافية لتخطيط العلاج المناسب للمريض.
يقدم علم القزحية منظوراً فريداً لمفهوم وممارسة الطب الوقائي. من الصعب تنبيه شخص ما إلى المشاكل الصحية التي سيواجهها جسده باستخدام طرق التحليل والتشخيص التقليدية. تعتمد هذه الطرق على ظهور الأعراض السريرية. ومع ذلك، يمكن أن تشير القزحية إلى وجود مشكلة في بدايتها المبكرة، قبل وقت طويل من ظهور أعراض المرض. ومن خلال هذه المعلومات، يمكن تطوير برنامج صحي مصمم خصيصًا لتلبية الاحتياجات المحددة للعميل، وبالتالي منع ظهور المرض.
إن تجميع قائمة من الأعراض في اسم مرض، من أجل تحديد وإدارة الدواء الذي سيكبح تلك الأعراض، ليس حلاً مرضيًا لمشكلة الرعاية الصحية والصيانة. يركز علم القزحية في فلسفته الأساسية على علاج المريض وليس المرض. ومن خلال تحديد الاختلالات الأساسية في الجسم والتي تنتج الأعراض، يعد ذلك بمثابة رصيد لا يقدر بثمن في صياغة العلاجات العلاجية.
عندما يصل المرء إلى التقدير الكامل لقيمة القدرة على تحديد ما يحدث داخل الجسم من الخارج، فسوف يدرك أن علم القزحية هو حقًا علم قد حان وقته.
تقييم علم القزحية
تتكشف في العين قصة ترسم صورة تفصيلية للجسد أثناء العمل، في الصحة والمرض. العيون هي امتداد للدماغ. هم المدخلات للدماغ. من خلال التغيرات في أصباغ وبنية القزحية، يتم الكشف عن الحالات غير الطبيعية للأنسجة في الجسم.
علم القزحية هو أسلوب التقييم الأكثر فعالية في العالم الذي ينظر إلى الشخص ككل. يجب دراسة الجنس البشري ككل، لأن الكل أكثر من مجموع أجزائه. الاستجابة الأكثر فعالية في رفع المستوى الصحي تأتي من تنفيذ كل من التغذية وتحليل القزحية. بالإضافة إلى العلاج الغذائي، يمكن دمج العلاجات الطبيعية المختلفة في خطة العلاج لكل فرد.
لماذا تقييم علم القزحية؟ إن إدارة صحتك أمر متروك لك في النهاية. الطريقة الأكثر حكمة لحماية صحتك هي معرفة وفهم جسمك جيدًا. عندما تعتني بجسدك، فإن مكافأتك هي العافية. تشعر وتبدو أصغر سنا. ستختبر المزيد من الطاقة والحماس. يزودك تقييم علم القزحية بمعلومات حول إشارات جسمك وكيف يمكنك الاستجابة لها. يمكن اكتشاف حالات معينة قبل أن تسبب مشاكل خطيرة، مما يسمح لك بذلك “ارتشفه في مهدها.”
إذا كنت تعاني من أي من الأعراض المذكورة أدناه، فإن تقييم علم القزحية هو أداة فعالة للغاية لمساعدتك في تحديد السبب (الأسباب):
- نزلة
- إمساك
- صداع نصفي
- أرق
- ثوران الجلد
- الالتهابات
- التهاب المفاصل
- اكتئاب
- طاقة منخفضة
- التصريفات
- الربو
- الحساسية
- المغص، والإسهال
- الحمى، البرد، الانفلونزا
- التعب المزمن
- حمى الكلأ
الميزة الأعظم والميزة الرئيسية لعلم القزحية الدستوري مقارنة بأشكال الفحص الصحي هي أن القزحية تكشف عن الإمكانات والميول التي قد تحدث إذا كان الشخص يعيش حياته بطريقة معينة. ولذلك، يمكن علاج الأعراض قبل عقود من ظهورها. يمكن اتخاذ إجراءات وقائية لتحسين الصحة وتجنب تلك الأمراض التي قد تتبعها.
2)معنى مخطط علم القزحية
القزحية & SCLEROLOGY
Each eye reveals different information. The left iris correlates to the organs, glands, tissues & other structures located on the left side of the body. The left side also controls the feminine, creative, conceptual & intuitive aspects of our personalities.
The right iris correlates to all of the anatomical structures on the right side of the body, as well as indicating the masculine, practical, analytical & logic aspects of our being.
More than just detecting the condition of present physical health & the exact location & stage of conditions, Iridology will accurately reveal potential problems twenty years or more in advance, as well as physical transitions due to toxicity, weakness or deficiency & past injuries or conditions. Emotional & mental patterns & attitudes & hereditary strengths & weaknesses also appear.

Cholesterol ring:
This sign presents as white halo around the perimeter of the iris. It may indicate a family history of heart disease.
Go for a cholesterol check.
Orange tones:
A deep orange colour surrounding the pupil can be a sign of disordered sugar metabolism.
If the eye turns a deep red & you have throbbing pain at the front, this could be iritis or — inflammation of the iris, the colored part of the eye. This is triggered by an over-reaction of the immune system, though its exact cause isn’t known. The redness tends to start at the centre of the eye & spreads in a red ring around the center within 24 to 48 hours. It doesn’t usually spread to the other eye.
A coppery-colored ring round the eye can be a sign of Wilson’s disease, a rare genetic disorder which causes too much copper to build up in the body. Untreated it can cause damage to the liver & brain.
Pupil reflex:
If a pupil does not contract when a bright light shines on to it, this indicates dulled nerve reflexes, weak adrenal glands or an overstimulated sympathetic nervous system, often from fear as a hidden, chronic condition.
Adrenal stress is indicated if the pupils begin to expand & contract repeatedly when exposed to bright light for 30 seconds.
Nerve wreath:
A strong, white & almost circular outline of the intestinal area – the nerve wreath – indicates a good condition of the autonomic nervous system.
If this outline is weak, jagged, discolored, or extends far towards the periphery or the pupil, we may assume the autonomic nervous system is in a poor condition.
The normal position of the nerve wreath is one-third the distance between the pupil & the periphery; if the nervous system is tense & overactive, the wreath is closer to the pupil & if the nervous system is relaxed & under-active it is closer to the periphery.
Nerve rings:
White circles or arcs of circles in the outer part of the iris. They indicate a tense, over-reactive, irritated nervous system.
The outermost iris zones represent the lymphatic & circulation system & bordering the sclera, the skin.
Discolored stomach area:
In a normal condition the stomach area is not visible, but if the stomach is irritated the area bordering the pupil will be whitish & distinct from the intestinal area.
A brownish discoloration of the stomach area indicates a chronic weakness.
Discolored intestinal area:
A whitish intestinal area indicates inflammation, irritation or ulcers.
If there is a mucous congestion in the head, there is a whitish or brownish discoloration in the transverse colon area, radiating towards ear & brain.
If chronically weak, this area will be dark.
Radial black lines:
When there is a serious deterioration of the intestines, strong black lines (radii solaris) will develop, starting from the pupil & radiating towards the periphery.
Organs through which these radii pass will be very weak as well.
Unusual markings:
Distinct markings may be colored brown, red or yellow. Unusual colors indicate deposits of drugs or other chemicals that settle in weak organs.
White outer ring:
A heavy white ring near the outer edge of the iris points to salt (sodium) & calcium deposits.
Bluish-white film:
A bluish-white film beginning to cover the iris from the outer rim indicates poor circulation to this area & an anemic condition.
Often this film appears in the brain area, indicating approaching senility (arcus senilis).
Dark outer ring:
A dark ring at the outer rim (scurf rim) shows the skin is inactive with accumulated wastes & needs frequent stimulation, better circulation & improved kidney & lung activities.
Lymphatic rosary:
A series of white spots near the outer rim, the ‘lymphatic rosary’, indicates chronic infection & congestion of the lymphatic system. Avoid especially lactose & cows milk products (except butter).
SCLEROLOGY
Sclerology is defined as the interpretation of the red lines in the whites of the eyes and their meaning for health evaluation & analysis.
The various signs, markings, shapes & colors in the sclera allow to evaluate the current state of health as well as inherited tendencies & the sings can show way before the symptoms arise or before blood test findings (up to 13 months in advance).
Sclerology may show that the function of an organ is disturbed, but not whether it is overactive or under-active.
Generally a blood vessel pointing towards a certain organ reflex in the iris indicates that there is something wrong with that organ or part of the body.
The stronger the blood vessel is visible & also the more of them are bunching together, the worse is the problem.
A bluish color of the sclera indicates under-activity.
Compare the lines to a Sclerology chart. Determine what parts of the body need attention based on the information from the chart.
يمكن أن تتحول الصلبة إلى اللون الأصفر عندما يكون الجسم لديه مستويات عالية من البيليروبين. يمكن أن يكون سبب ذلك أمراض الدم أو أمراض الكبد. راجع الطبيب على الفور، حيث يمكن أن يكون اليرقان علامة على العديد من المشاكل الصحية الخطيرة، بما في ذلك خلل وظائف الكبد والتهاب الكبد. & وفي حالات نادرة، سرطان البنكرياس.
When the sclera turns blue, it can be a sign of a syndrome called osteogenesis imperfecta, a disease that makes the bones very brittle.
Light blue sclera can be sign of lack of calcium.
Viruses or localised infections can cause the eye to redden — the problem usually starts in one eye, but can spread to both.
If they look grayish: It’s probably just a result of the natural aging process, which can make the whites of the eyes become grayer. Also there are some serious medical conditions that can turn the whites gray, including rheumatoid arthritis & brittle bone syndrome.
If one eye suddenly becomes red without any other symptoms, then it could be a subconjunctival hemorrhage — where blood leaks in the thin layer of skin at the front of the eyeball. This is very common, particularly in older people. It can be brought on by a violent coughing fit, vomiting, or if you are prone to nose bleeds or bruising. It should clear up by itself within a couple of weeks.
If they look red: Most likely, your eyes are dry. Those red squiggles you see are tiny blood vessels, which become more prominent when eyes are irritated. It can be a result of age, staring at the computer, or environmental factors, like air-conditioning.
Toxic liver.
Persistent red blotches on the whites of both eyes can be a sign of hypertension. High pressure causes the blood vessels to expand or even burst, leaving red marks across the white of the eye (but not the colored part).
Red veins on the eye whites may be sign of high blood pressure.
White discharge from the corner of the eye-could be digestive problems.
Small yellow dots,look like bits of dough,around & on the eyelids can be sign of high cholesterol or liver cirrhosis.
Red upper eyelids-gastritis.
Blind spot accompanied with flickering lights or wavy lines-Ocular migraine (may lead to loss of vision)
Bloody eye,sclera has red spots -high blood pressure, clotting disorder
Brown spots, a bump with blood vessels, often on the lower eyelid -tumor (abnormal growth which may be cancerous)
Bug eyes,bulging eyes with swollen eye tissue -It’s a common sign of Grave’s disease, a.k.a. overactive thyroid. In addition to the bug-eyed look, people with Grave’s often experience weight loss, nervousness & a rapid or irregular pulse.
Bumpy yellowish patches,small yellow spots on the eyelid -high cholesterol
Burning eyes,stinging in the eyes with blurred vision during computer use-computer vision syndrome
Cloudy eyes,clouding of the lens with hazy vision-cataracts (may cause blindness)-the condition, which can be corrected with surgery, is most common in older people. Cataracts that arise in younger people can have a variety of causes, including tumors & diabetes, as well as side effects from certain medications.
Color confusion,reds & greens are unclear -color blindness
Crossed eyes,one or both eyes turn inwards -intra ocular tumor, neurological disorder
Double vision,seeing double images-stroke (sudden), Multiple Sclerosis
Droopy eyes,eyelids are droopy -brain tumor, neuromuscular disorder
Dry eyes,especially in 40+ women with autoimmune conditions & affecting the mouth such that absence of saliva makes chewing & swallowing difficult -Sjogren’s syndrome (immune cells damage tears & saliva producing glands).The menopause.
Golden brown or greenish yellow ring,colored ring on the cornea, surrounding the iris-Wilson’s disease (excess copper collects in tissues, may lead to liver disease)
Grey or milky-white colored ring on the cornea, surrounding the iris-which doctors call arcus senilis, often goes hand in hand with high cholesterol & triglycerides & an increased risk for heart attack & stroke. Anyone who has the condition should have a blood test to check for elevated blood lipids – especially people under age 60.
Increased eye-gunk,eyelid edges are red & itchy-dandruff, Acne rosacea
Large eye,one eye appears larger (generally in children)-glaucoma (damaged optic nerve), tumor, infection
Persistent stye,reddish lumps on the eyelid, present for more than 3 months-tumor, possibly cancerous
Pink eye,sclera is pink or light-red -conjunctivitis
Pupil size different,different size pupils & droopy eyelids -Horner’s syndrome (nervous system disorder), neck aneurysms (blood-filled bulge in blood vessel) & tumors.
Red, itchy eyes,along with sneezing, coughing, sinus congestion or runny nose -allergic reaction
Unable to close eyes or control tears ,often one side of the face is weak & droops-Bell’s palsy (facial paralysis due to dysfunctional cranial nerve VII)
Vanishing eyebrows,outer part of eyebrows disappear -thyroid disease (under active thyroid)
Yellow eyes,sclera is yellow -liver diseases such as jaundice, hepatitis & cirrhosis
Skin cancer-Basal cell carcinomas can show up in some pretty strange places, including the eyelid, where it often causes a sore that doesn’t heal & the loss of eyelashes. And it’s not something to be ignored. Although basal cell skin cancers are not usually fatal, they can cause severe disfigurement, blindness even death if they reach the brain through the eye socket.
3)Iridology Chart of the Right Eye Iris
مخطط القزحية من قزحية العين اليمنى
يوضح مخطط القزحية على هذه الصفحة مناطق القزحية اليمنى للعين من حيث صلتها بأنسجة محددة & الأعضاء في الجسم من دراسات رسم القزحية للدكتور جينسون
مخطط القزحية يولد أدناه مناطق قزحية العين اليمنى المتعلقة بالأنسجة والأعضاء في الجسم من مخطط الدكتور برنارد جينسون لمناطق القزحية. يستخدم عالم القزحية لدينا الذي درس في عهد الدكتور جنسن مخططات القزحية لتحديد نقاط الضعف المحتملة في الأنسجة والأعضاء في الجسم.
Right Iris

مخطط القزحية من قزحية العين اليمنى
4)Iridology Definition
Iridology, also called iris analysis or iris diagnosis, is the study of the iris (the colored part of the eye). Iris “readings” are made by iridologists to assess a person’s health picture (physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual) and guide them to take measures to improve their health.
Origins
The basic concept of iridology has existed for centuries. The medical school of the University of Salerno in Italy offered training in iris diagnosis. A book published by Philippus Meyers in 1670, called Chiromatica medica, noted that signs in the iris indicate diseases. Dr. Ignatz von Peczely, however, is generally considered the father of iridology, with the date of his discovery given as 1861. Von Peczely was a Hungarian physician. As a child, he accidentally broke an owl’s leg. He observed that a black line formed in the owl’s lower iris at the time of the injury. After the owl’s leg healed, the young von Peczely noted that the black streak had changed appearance. As a physician, he treated a patient with a broken leg in whose eye he observed a black streak in the same location as on the injured owl’s iris. Von Peczely became intrigued by the possibility of a connection between diseases and eye markings. Through observing his patients’ eyes, he became convinced of this connection and developed a chart that mapped iris-body correlations. After several decades of comparative study, von Peczely mapped organs across zones identified by hours and minutes on a clock face superimposed over drawings of the eyes. In 1881, he published his theories in a book called Discoveries in the Field of Natural Science and Medicine: Instruction in the Study of Diagnosis from the Eye.
A Swedish pastor and homeopath named Nils Liljequist also developed the concept of iris-body correlations at roughly the same time but independently of von Peczely’s work. He was the first iridologist to identify the effects of such drugs as iodine and quinine on the iris. Liljequist based his initial observations on changes in his own irises after illnesses and injuries, publishing writings and eye drawings during the late nineteenth century. One of his students, Dr. Henry Lahn, brought the practice of iridology to the United States. A variety of practitioners, primarily European, have sought to popularize iridology since these early works. Dr. Bernard Jensen, a chiropractor, is the best-known contemporary American advocate of iridology.
فوائد
Iridologists claim that by studying the patterns of a person’s iris, they can provide helpful and accurate health and wellness information. Iridology is a holistic endeavor in that it addresses the person’s whole being in the reading. The range of information gleaned encompasses physical, emotional, mental, and spiritual aspects of the person’s health picture. In addition to assessing the person’s general level of health, readings can reveal other data, including energy quotients; internal areas of irritation, degeneration, injury, or inflammation; nutritional
and chemical imbalances; accumulation of toxins; life transitions; and subconscious tensions. Iridologists maintain that the eyes reveal information about the person’s physical and emotional constitution, such as inherited weaknesses and risks to which the person may be prone. Strengths may also be revealed, including inherited emotional tendencies from which the person derives particular talents. Cleansing and healing can be verified by changes in the iris. By looking for certain signs such as healing lines, iridologists obtain information about previous health problems and injuries and discover what may have gone wrong in the person’s past.
An iridology reading reflects the causes of problems, not symptoms. It may, iridologists claim, reveal that organs or systems are overstressed or predisposed to disease before clinical symptoms even develop. By predicting future problems, iridology can be used as a preventive tool. People can use the information from iridology readings to improve their health and make better behavioral choices in the future, thereby heading off problems before they occur.
In North America, iridology is generally considered to be an assessment tool to be used in cooperation with other health specialties. Iridology is not a diagnostic tool (although it is more likely to be considered so by European iridologists) and should not be used to diagnose or name specific diseases. Not only would diagnosis represent an improper application of iridology according to many iridologists, as noted by the International Iridology Research Association (IIRA), it could also be construed in many countries as practicing medicine without a license.
وصف
Iridology is generally based on the concept of neural pathways between the body and the iris. Although iridologists may differ on the exact mechanism, most maintain that the iris reflects what is happening throughout the body via nerve conduction from all parts of the body to the eye. The client’s health is assessed by the iridologist, who interprets patterns, shapes, rings, colors and pigmentation markings, fibers, structures, and changes in the pupil and iris. Many iridologists also use sclerology (reading the lines in the white part of the eyes) in their health evaluation.
Iridology readings are typically performed by such holistically oriented practitioners as naturopaths, chiropractors, or nutritionists. The reading may be done using a bright light, a magnifying glass, and a notepad. The iridologist may also use various tools to better view the eye, a special camera to take pictures of the iris, and/or a computer.
Iridologists conduct their readings using charts on which each area of the iris is mapped to a specific body system or organ. Iridology charts vary, with at least 20 different ones in existence. Some charts are more widely used than others; however, many iridologists believe that there is more than one correct map and that each practitioner should become familiar with several charts. Some iridologists even develop their own charts. Differences also exist among practitioner techniques; among American, European, and other approaches; and in the interpretation of specific iris signs.
Iridology charts divide the iris into numerous zones corresponding to different parts of the body. Although the specifics may differ on each chart, all share a general pattern. The left eye is mapped to the left side of the body and the right eye to the right side. The top of the eye is mapped to the upper body (e.g., brain, face, neck, chest and heart). The center of the eye is mapped to the stomach and digestive organs, with other organs being represented by concentric circular zones moving outward toward the edge of the iris. The bottom of the eye is mapped to the legs and lower half of body. Paired organs (e.g., the kidneys) are mapped to both irises.
Using a holistic approach that considers each client as an individual with unique health patterns and concerns, behaviors, and experiences, the iridologist will examine the eyes and make a health assessment. Based on the results of that reading, the iridologist generally recommends a wellness program tailored to the individual’s physical, emotional, and life situation. This program may incorporate various health improvement, maintenance, and prevention regimes. Recommendations may include vitamins, minerals, herbs, supplements, and/or diet and nutrition , among other suggestions.
Preparation
No special preparations are necessary before an iridology reading.
Precautions
An iridology reading is unlikely to cause any physical harm by itself, as it does not involve direct contact with the eye or applying eye drops of any kind. Critics of iridology, however, argue that iridology can be detrimental to health if a sick person delays treatment for a condition not suggested by the iridology reading; or that it can can cause anguish and unnecessary expense if a reading suggests a problem when there actually is none.
بحث & القبول العام
تقول ريتا إم هول، RN، دكتوراه، ذلك “Within Western medicine, iridology is considered a controversial science at best and medical fraud at worst.” Proponents of iridology argue that the practice is time-tested with proven results. Although critics acknowledge that certain symptoms of non-ocular disease do appear in the eyes (e.g., brain injury), there is, they argue, a lack of rigorous scientific testing and no evidence that iridology has any merit. Studies published in the Australian Journal of Optometry, the British Medical Journal, and the Journal of the American Medical Association (JAMA) have found iridologists’ assessment of patients with diagnosed serious diseases including kidney and gall bladder disease to be inaccurate. Iridologists counter that the research itself was faulty, citing problems including poor-quality photos; the absence of important additional information including the ability to see/interview the client; and inappropriate expectations of diagnosing specific diseases, a task outside the parameters of iridology. A more recent study conducted to reevaluate JAMA’s findings in regard to renal failure was published in the Alternative Health Practitioner. Acknowledging that the “الدراسة تترك عدة أسئلة دون إجابة،” أبلغ المؤلف عن أوجه التشابه والاختلاف في علماء القزحية’ قراءات وخلصت إلى أن مستوى خبرة عالم القزحية مهم للغاية أيضًا.
تمرين & certification
Iridologists receive training from various sources. They may learn their trade through books, tapes, correspondence courses, online classes, or live classes. According to the IIRA, “Iridology operates in a gray area in North America. In general, there are no laws defining or regulating the practice. In Europe, especially in Germany, Iridology is well recognized and routinely used by natural medicine practitioners.” Also according to the IIRA, “Because Iridology has no official standards of practice, anyone can call themselves an Iridologist, often with little training or experience. There are also great differences in the Iridology information being taught, especially in North America.”
Resources
BOOKS
Jackson, Adam J. Iridology: A Guide to Iris Analysis and Preventive Health Care. Boston: Charles B. Tuttle, 1993.
Jensen, Bernard. Iridology: Science and Practice in Healing Arts, Vol. II. Escondido, CA: B. Jensen, 1982.
Jensen, Bernard. ما هو القزحية؟ Escondido, CA: B. Jensen, 1984.
Jensen, Bernard and Donald Bodeen. Visions of Health: Understanding Iridology. Garden City Park, NY: Avery Publishing, 1992.
Worrall, Russell S. “Iridology: Diagnosis or Delusion?” في Science Confronts the Paranormal, ed. Kendrick Frazier. Buffalo, NY: Prometheus Books, 1986.
ORGANIZATIONS
Canadian Neuro-Optic Research Institute. P.O. Box 29053. 4324 Dewdney Ave. Regina, Saskatchewan S4T 7X3. كندا. (306) 359-7694. Fax: (306) 525-2659. cnricontacts@cnri.edu. https://www.cnri.edu/.
International Iridology Research Association. PO Box 1442. Solano Beach, CA 92075-2208. (888) 682-2208. IIRAOffice@aol.com. https://www.iridologyassn.org/.
