El ojo: el plan para un cuerpo sano el ojo

El ojo: el plan para un cuerpo sano el ojo

Según Iridology, el iris del ojo es como un plan para todo el cuerpo. Los iridólogos creen que el ojo es un intrincado plan para las fortalezas y debilidades inherentes de una persona. Para aquellos lectores que no son conscientes de lo que es la iridología, es una técnica médica alternativa que utiliza los patrones, colores y otras características del iris para determinar la información sobre la salud sistémica de un paciente. Esencialmente, los iridólogos creen que pueden igualar sus observaciones del ojo con un gráfico ocular, lo que divide el iris en zonas. Estas zonas corresponden a partes específicas del cuerpo humano. Los iridólogos creen que pueden utilizar estos gráficos para distinguir entre sistemas sanos y órganos en el cuerpo y aquellos que pueden ser hiperactivos, inflamados o angustiados.

Iridology tiene una historia muy larga, en los siglos XVII, XVIII, escritos y obras en marcas de iris y sus significados fueron registrados, principalmente por médicos. Uno de los practicantes de iridología más reconocidos y los primeros fue el Dr. Ignatz von Peczely.

Según el video de YouTube, el Dr. Ignatz von Peczely, un médico y cirujano húngaro de la Facultad de Medicina de Viena, estudiaría iris de pacientes antes y después de los procedimientos quirúrgicos y registraría su hallazgo. En 1818, el Dr. Ignatz Van publicó Peczely su investigación y su tabla ocular en el libro "Descubrimientos en los reinos de la naturaleza y el arte de la curación".

La iridología ha recorrido un largo camino desde el siglo XVIII, con grandes avances bajo la investigación de personas como el Dr. Bernard Jensen. El Dr. Jensen viajó por todo Estados Unidos y otros 65 países que observaron elecciones de salud de las personas, opciones nutricionales y culturas. Estaba interesado en la longevidad. Lo que determinó a través de todos sus viajes fue que el 80% de lo que los iridólogos ven en los iris les dicen sobre la genética de sus pacientes. Desde el comienzo de su práctica, el Dr. Jensen ha atendido a más de 350,000 pacientes en su mandato. Esto incluye actores, artistas y otras personas famosas. Protégé Ellen Tart-Jensen del Dr. Bernard Jensen, Ph.D., D. Sc. CCIIHAS utilizó con éxito Iridology on Grammy Award Singer Singer Siling Writer Jewel.

En el video, Jewel fue muy honesta sobre el hecho de que era escéptica al principio sobre la iridología. Ella pensó que sonaba como "lectura de palma", pero luego se convirtió en un importante defensor cuando el iridóloga Dra. Ellen Tart-Jensen, al mirar sus ojos, pudo determinar un problema renal que todos los médicos estándar descartaron como nada que no estuviera mal. Cuando en realidad, Jewel había estado sufriendo infecciones crónicas en sus riñones. Pero al trabajar con Ellen Tart Jensen y tomar sus recomendaciones sobre un nuevo plan nutricional, Jewel ha sido más saludable desde entonces.

We, at Infinite Iris, are proud to be promoting Ellen Tart Jensen’s newest e-textbook Techniques in Iris Analysis. The e-textbook will be available at myinfiniteiris.com in early, January, however printed hardcovers are available today at bernardjensen.com.

Iridilogy real or fake

Iridilogy real or fake

There are many medical pseudosciences that persist despite a utter lack of either plausibility or evidence for efficacy. Some practices emerged out of their culture of origin, or out of the prevailing ideas of a pre-scientific age, while others were manufactured out of the imagination of perhaps well-meaning but highly misguided individual practitioners. They were just made up – homeopathy, for example, or subluxation theory.

Iridology belongs to this latter category – a system of diagnosis that was invented entirely by Ignatz Peczely, a Hungarian physician who first published his ideas in 1893. The story goes that Peczely as a boy found an owl with a broken leg. At the time he noticed a prominent black stripe in the iris of one eye of the owl. He nursed the bird back to health and then noticed that the black line was gone, replaced by ragged white lines. From this single observation Peczely developed the notion of iridology.

Peczely’s idea was that the iris maps to the rest of the body in some way, and therefore the flecks of color in the iris reflect the state of health of the various body parts. This basic approach to diagnosis or treatment is called the homunculus approach – the idea that one part of the body maps to the rest of the body, including the organ systems. Reflexology, auricular acupuncture, and even straight chiropractic follow this approach.

This is what might have happened next: After publishing his initial observations, Peczely set out to test his ideas with well-designed observations that were capable of proving his hypothesis wrong. He carefully built a body of descriptive, but well-established, facts about the relationship between the iris and health. Later, anatomists discovered the underlying mechanism of this connection – a vast system of interconnectedness between the iris and the rest of the body. Further research built on the iris connection, and later medical scientists found more and more ways to exploit this fascinating aspect of anatomy and physiology.

Of course, this is not what happened. Peczely did not do any serious scientific research. Rather, he simply invented a pseudoscience, by drawing maps of the iris that were as much a product of his imagination as observation, and were largely the result of confirmation bias. He did not perform blinded studies, or produce the kind of evidence that could separate a real phenomenon from an imaginary one. Iridology, as his practice became known, is the N-rays of medical diagnosis. Further, no subsequent science has supported the plausibility or reality of iridology. There is no underlying anatomy or physiology that can explain how the iris would reflect the state of function of any other part of the body.

This, unfortunately, has not stopped iridology from surviving on the medical fringe for more than a century. The modern popularity of iridology, especially in the US, can be traced back to a chiropractor named Bernard Jensen. He published the book, The Science and Practice of Iridology in 1952. Iridology, or iris diagnosis, continues to be practiced by so-called alternative practitioners, including some chiropractors and naturopaths. It has never been recognized as a legitimate medical practice. For example, for $150 naturopath Frank Navratil will diagnose you from a digital image of your eyes.

A menudo, el diagnóstico de iris (que también se puede hacer mediante análisis de software) conduce a recomendaciones de suplementación, que el iridólogo vende convenientemente. Aquí hay una descripción de cómo un proponente utiliza iridología:

El iris revela condiciones cambiantes de cada parte y órgano del cuerpo. Cada órgano y parte del cuerpo está representado en el iris en un área bien definida. Además, a través de varias marcas, signos y decoloración en el iris, la naturaleza revela debilidades y fortalezas hereditarias.

By means of this art/science, an iridologist (one who studies the coloration and fiber structure of the eye) can tell an individual his/her inherited and acquired tendencies towards health and disease, his current condition in general, and the state of every organ in particular.

La iridología no puede detectar una enfermedad específica, pero puede decirle a un individuo si tiene una actividad sobre o inferior en áreas específicas del cuerpo. Por ejemplo, un páncreas poco activo podría indicar una condición diabética.

Other sites caution that iridology cannot diagnosis pregnancy, because that is a natural condition of the body, and also cannot diagnose prior surgery, as anything that happens under anesthesia will block the signals that would otherwise change the iris. In other words – iridology only tells you about the susceptibility for disease – it cannot actually diagnose a disease or any other verifiable condition. This reasoning is called special pleading – the invention of a special rationalization for each fact that might otherwise falsify a claim or belief. Iridology, apparently, can only discern those things that cannot be verified or falsified.

What you end up with is a medical cold reading – similar to what a mentalist does to create the illusion of mind reading or psychic powers. While “reading” the iris the iridologist can ask about certain health issues. If they are present, that is used to validate iridology. If absent, then the subject simply has a susceptibility for the missing problem.

Iridology lacks any plausibility and its history is that of a pseudoscience, not a legitimate practice. But still we listen to the best scientific evidence in determining whether or not iridology is real. Perhaps Peczely got lucky and made a correct observation despite his lack of scientific confirmation. If iridologists could demonstrate that their readings provide real information, then we would have to take their claims seriously.

In 2000 Edzard Ernst (not surprisingly) published a systematic review of iridology research. He concluded:

In conclusion, few controlled studies with masked evaluation of diagnostic validity have been published. None have found any benefit from iridology. As iridology has the potential for causing personal and economic harm, patients and therapists should be discouraged from using it.

As with N-rays, when blinding is introduced iridology is exposed as a complete fiction. Under controlled conditions iridologists cannot agree with each other as to diagnosis, and cannot distinguish healthy subjects of very ill subjects. Since the Ernst review I found one other well-controlled study of iridology, this one in cancer diagnosis. From the abstract:

SUBJECTS:
One hundred ten (110) subjects were enrolled in the study: 68 subjects had histologically proven cancers of the breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, or colorectum, and 42 were control subjects.
METHODS:
All subjects were examined by an experienced practitioner of iridology, who was unaware of their gender or medical details. He was allowed to suggest up to five diagnoses for each subject and his results were then compared with each subject’s medical diagnosis to determine the accuracy of iridology in detecting malignancy.
RESULTS:
Iridology identified the correct diagnosis in only 3 cases (sensitivity, 0.04).
CONCLUSION:
Iridology was of no value in diagnosing the cancers investigated in this study

There are no well designed studies that are positive.
Conclusion: Iridology is bunk

Iridology is an excellent example of pseudoscience in medicine, displaying many of the core features. It was invented by one individual based upon a single observation. It follows a pre-scientific notion of biology – the homunculus model. It lacks any basis in anatomy, physiology, or any other basic science. Its practitioners are mostly “alternative” practitioners who use the technique as a cold reading. And the research clearly shows that iridology has absolutely no effect – it does not provide any useful information at all.

Anyone using or promoting iridology is, therefore, a pseudoscientific practitioner. Any profession that endorses iridology is not science-based and should be looked upon with suspicion.

Iridology real work

Iridology real work

The difficulty with proving iridology as a science is that there are no studies being accomplished in North America, yet, there are several studies from other countries that show great reliability of iridology as valid diagnostic tool.

For example, three recent studies showing good success in detecting diabetes:

Journal Article: Learning to predict diabetes from iris image analysis:
http://inderscience.metapress.com/content/e3670g62754562pj/

Journal Article: Early Detection on the Condition of Pancreas Organ as the Cause of Diabetes Mellitus by Real Time Iris Image Processing:
http://www.iridologyinternational.com/node/1442

Journal Article: Abnormal condition detection of pancreatic Beta-cells as the cause of Diabetes Mellitus based on iris image:
http://ieeexplore.ieee.org/xpl/articleDetails.jsp?arnumber=6108614

And some interesting iridology studies that were accomplished in Russia:
http://www.iridologyinternational.com/content/russian-iridology-clinical-studies

What Iridology can Reveals-Dr. Jim Jinks

What Iridology can Reveals-Dr. Jim Jinks

Inherently weak organs, glands and tissues.
Órganos inherentemente fuertes, glándulas y tejidos.
Fuerza constitucional o debilidad.
Qué órgano necesita la mayor necesidad de reparación y reconstrucción.
Cantidades relativas de asentamientos tóxicos en órganos, glándulas y tejidos.
Etapas de inflamación y actividad tisular.
Donde se encuentra la inflamación en el cuerpo.
Bajo actividad o lentitud del intestino.
Condiciones espásticas o condiciones globales del intestino.
La necesidad de acidophilus en el intestino.
Prolapso del colon transversal.
Condición nerviosa o inflamación del intestino.
Áreas de tejido de alto riesgo en el cuerpo que pueden conducir a una enfermedad.
Presión sobre el corazón.
Nivel de circulación en varios órganos
Fuerza nerviosa y agotamiento nervioso.
Hiperactividad o actividad hipo de órganos, glándulas o tejidos.
Influencia de un órgano en otro, contribución de un órgano a una condición en otra parte del cuerpo.
Congestión del sistema linfático.
Mala asimilación de nutrientes.
Agotamiento de minerales en cualquier órgano, glándula o tejido.
Capacidad relativa de un órgano, glándula o tejido para contener nutrientes.
Resultados de fatiga física o mental en el cuerpo.
Necesidad de descanso para desarrollar inmunidad.
Áreas de tejido que contribuyen a síntomas suprimidos o enterrados.
Drive sexual alto o bajo.
Un patrón genético de debilidades inherentes y su influencia en otros órganos, glándulas y tejidos.
Etapas preclínicas de diabetes potencial, condiciones cardiovasculares y otras enfermedades.
Measmas.
Capacidad recuperativa y el nivel de salud del cuerpo.
Acumulación de material tóxico antes de la materialización de la enfermedad.
Debilidades genéticas que afectan los nervios, el suministro de sangre y la mineralización de los huesos.
Influencia genética en cualquier síntoma presente.
Los signos de curación que indican un aumento de la fuerza en un órgano, glándula o tejido.
Problemas de médula ósea.
Potencial para las venas varicosas en las piernas como se muestra por la debilidad inherente.
Necesidades nutricionales positivas y negativas del cuerpo.
Probablemente alergia al trigo.
Fuentes de infección.
Acidez del desarrollo del cuerpo o catarro, como lo indican los signos agudos en el iris.
Supresión de Catarrh, como lo indica los signos sub agudos o crónicos en el iris.
Condición del tejido en cualquier parte del cuerpo o todas las partes del cuerpo al mismo tiempo.
El clima y la altitud mejor para el paciente.
Posibles contribuciones a la esterilidad.
Efectos del entorno contaminado.
Supresión suprarrenal, que puede indicar baja presión arterial, falta de energía, reparación de tejido lento, deficiencias de vitamina C y adrenalina.
Resistencia a la enfermedad, como se muestra por la cantidad de asentamientos tóxicos en el cuerpo.
Relación o unidad de síntomas con afecciones en órganos, glándulas y tejidos.
La diferencia entre una crisis curativa y una crisis de la enfermedad.
El funcionamiento de la ley de cura de Hering.
Ya sea un programa o terapia en particular está funcionando o no.
La calidad de la fuerza nerviosa en el cuerpo.
Respuesta al tratamiento; Qué tan bien el cuerpo se está curando y a qué velocidad.
El nivel de salud general "completo" del cuerpo como estructura unificada.

Historia de iridología

Historia de iridología

Examining a person’s eyes to help determine their health is an ancient practice dating back at least as far as the ancient Greeks.

The first explicit description of iridological principles such as homo-laterality (without using the word iridology) are found in Chiromatica Medica, a famous work published in 1665 and reprinted in 1670 and 1691 by Philippus Meyeus (Philip Meyen von Coburg).The first use of the word Augendiagnostik (“eye diagnosis,” loosely translated as iridology) began with Ignatz von Peczely, a 19th-century Hungarian physician. The most common story is that he got the idea for this diagnostic tool after seeing similar streaks in the eyes of a man he was treating for a broken leg and the eyes of an owl whose leg von Peczely had broken many years before. At the First International Iridological Congress of Iridology, Ignaz von Peczely’s nephew, Dr August von Peczely, dismissed this myth as an apocryphal, and maintained that such claims were irreproducible.German contribution in the Naturheilkunde field is due to a minister Pastor Felke, who developed a form of homeopathy for treating specific illnesses and described new iris signs in the early 1900s.

However, Pastor Felke was subject to long and bitter litigation. The Pastor Felke Institute in Heimshiem, Germany was established as a leading center of iridologic research and training.Iridology became popular in the United States in the 1950s, when Bernard Jensen, an American chiropractor, began giving classes in his own method. This is in direct relationship with P. Johannes Thiel, Eduard Lahn (becoming an American under the name of Edward Lane) and J Haskell Kritzer. Jensen insisted on the body’s exposure to toxins, and the use of natural foods as detoxifiers.Few medical researchers managed to secure funding to study the possible non-visual functions of the eye. In a paper published in Medical Hypotheses, one such group tried to explain the observed patterns of iris transparency that distribute light into the ora serrata (the edge of the optic retina) by postulating a so-called functio ocularis systemica. Based on this hypothesis, the researchers have developed the experimental trans-iridal light therapy method; however, no independent confirmation of the theory and method exists to date. Other results from the mentioned research include early attempts at computerized iris imaging for the purpose of iridologic diagnosis.

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