Iridology is the study of the iris – the coloured part of the eye. Iridology is not a treatment therapy but rather a diagnostic tool used to detect underlying signs of developing disease.
Through various marks, signs and discolouration in the iris, nature reveals what is going on internally, inherited weaknesses and strengths and an Iridologist can tell if an individual has over or under activity in specific areas/organs of the body.
Therefore, the iris can be an important diagnostic tool although Iridology cannot detect a specific disease. The goal of Iridology is therefore to recognise health problems at their earliest stages and to suggest ways to keep disease from developing.
Iridology is safe, non-invasive and painless. The Iridologist will examine your eye with a slitlamp, penlight or magnifying glass. Photographs of the iris may also be obtained with a specially designed camera. The examination and consultation
generally takes one hour.
Anula Healing is located in Orange, NSW near Nashdale, Borenore, Cargo, Molong and Mullion Creek. Iridológia (niekedy označovaná ako irisdiagnostika) je založená na bizarnom presvedčení, že každá oblasť tela je reprezentovaná zodpovedajúcou oblasťou v očnej dúhovke (farebná oblasť okolo zrenice). Podľa tohto hľadiska možno zdravotný stav a chorobu človeka diagnostikovať podľa farby, štruktúry a umiestnenia rôznych pigmentových škvŕn v oku. Iridológovia tvrdia, že diagnostikujú “nerovnováhy” that can be treated with vitamins, minerals, herbs, and similar products. Some also claim that the eye markings can reveal a complete history of past illnesses as well as previous treatment. One textbook, for example, states that a white triangle in the appropriate area indicates appendicitis, but a black speck indicates that the appendix had been removed by surgery. Iridology charts—dozens of which exist—vary somewhat in the location and interpretation of their iris signs.and select the products they recommend. Sclerology is similar to iridology but interprets the shape and condition of blood vessels on the white portion (sclera) of the eyeball.Iridology Is Nonsense
Stephen Barrett, M.D.
| Túto iridologickú tabuľku vypracoval významný naturopat pred viac ako 70 rokmi. Týka sa rôznych škvŕn na oku asi 50 častí tela. Najvnútornejší modrý kruh v oboch očiach napríklad údajne odráža zdravie žalúdka. Hovorí sa, že najvyššie kvadranty predstavujú mozog (cerebrum a cerebellum) a ďalšie časti hlavy. |  |
Zástancovia iridológie pripisujú jej rozvoj Ignatzovi von Peczely, maďarskému lekárovi, ktorý počas svojho detstva nešťastne zlomil nohu sovy a všimol si čierny pruh v spodnej časti oka sovy. Nepriaznivci naznačujú, že von Peczely mohol rozvinúť svoju teóriu na trávenie času, keď bol po maďarskej revolúcii v roku 1848 uväznený. Po prepustení z väzenia vraj zachránil život svojej matke homeopatikami, spomenul si na príhodu sovieho oka a začal študovať oči svojich pacientov.
Bernard Jensen, D.C. (1908-2001), popredný americký iridológ, uviedol, že “Príroda nám poskytla miniatúrnu televíznu obrazovku, ktorá zobrazuje najvzdialenejšie časti tela prostredníctvom nervových reflexných reakcií.” Tvrdil tiež, že iridologické rozbory sú spoľahlivejšie a “ponúkajú oveľa viac informácií o stave tela ako vyšetrenia západnej medicíny.”
Britská iridologická organizácia uvádza, že existujú tri hlavné “ústavné typy” farba dúhovky:
Russell S. Worrall, O.D., asistent klinického profesora optometrie na School of Optometry, University of California, Berkeley, poznamenal, že mnohé zo stavov zistených odborníkmi v iridológii sú „choroby“, ktorých existencia bola spochybnená alebo zdiskreditovaná vedeckým výskumom. Worrall tiež poukazuje na to, že falošné diagnózy iridológov môžu mať vážne následky, ako to ilustruje prípad účtovníka, ktorý sa poradil s chiropraktikom, ktorý praktizoval iridológiu:
During the course of treatment an iridology workup was recommended. The results indicated, among many other health problems, the presence of cancer. Overwhelmed, the patient spent the day in torment. Unable to consult his family physician . . . he finally sought my advice. After a lengthy discussion, I was able to allay his fears. . . . He wondered how an intelligent person such as himself could be caught up in such a deep emotional web over such a diagnosis. The story fortunately had a pleasant ending. However, the outcome could have been much more serious since the patient is also suffering from a heart condition, which was not noted on the iridology evaluation! [2]
The features of the iris are relatively stable throughout life [3]. There is no scientific evidence that they change when a person’s health status changes. In fact, this stability is the foundation of the biometric technology that uses iris recognition for identification purposes.
In 1979 Bernard Jensen and two other proponents failed a scientific test in which they examined photographs of the eyes of 143 persons in an attempt to determine which ones had kidney impairments. (Forty-eight had been diagnosed with a standard kidney function test, and the rest had normal function.) The three iridologists showed no statistically significant ability to detect which patients had kidney disease and which did not. One iridologist, for example, decided that 88% of the normal patients had kidney disease, while another judged that 74% of patients sick enough to need artificial kidney treatment were normal [3].
V roku 1980 podstúpil skúsený austrálsky iridológ dva testy. V prvej skúmal fotografie 15 pacientov, ktorí boli medicínsky posúdení a mali spolu 33 zdravotných problémov. Iridológ nediagnostikoval správne ani jeden z týchto problémov. V troch prípadoch pomenoval časť tela, ktorá mala problémy (napr “lézie v oblasti hrdla” for a patient whose tonsils had been removed during childhood), but he completely missed the other 30 problem areas and made 60 incorrect diagnoses. In the second trial, four people had their eyes photographed when they were in good health and rephotographed when they reported being ill. The iridologist made a large number of (incorrect) diagnoses from the initial photographs and was unable to accurately identify any organ that underwent a change when the health problem arose. He was also asked to compare iris photographs of another healthy individual taken only two minutes apart. He made five incorrect diagnoses for the first of these and four different incorrect ones for the second [4].
In the late 1980s, five leading Dutch iridologists failed a similar test in which they were shown stereo color slides of the right iris of 78 people, half of whom had gallbladder disease. None of the five could distinguish between the patients with gallbladder disease and the people who were healthy. Nor did they agree with each other about which was which [5]. These negative results, of course, are not surprising, because there is no known mechanism by which body organs can be represented or transmit their health status to specific locations in the iris.
V ďalšej štúdii výskumníci urobili farebné fotografie očí 30 pacientov s ulceróznou kolitídou, 25 s ischemickou chorobou srdca, 30 s astmou, 30 s psoriázou a kontrolnej skupiny zodpovedajúcej veku a pohlavia. Fotografie boli kódované a analyzované vyšetrovateľom, manuálne aj počítačovým programom podľa kritérií vytvorených poprednými iridológmi. Pri použití oboch metód sa diskriminácia medzi prípadmi a kontrolami nelíšila od toho, čo by sa dalo očakávať náhodne. Autori dospeli k záveru “diagnostike týchto chorôb nemôže pomôcť analýza v iridologickom štýle.” [6]
V roku 1998 Eugene Emery, vedecký spisovateľ pre Providence Journal, tested the ability of two iridologists to assess his health and to match slide he had prepared of the eyes of eight people who had been medically diagnosed. Both iridologists scored very poorly [7].
V roku 2000 Dr. Edzard Ernst vydal dôkladný prehľad dovtedy publikovaných správ. Poznamenávajúc, že žiadny z “pozitívne” štúdie boli správne navrhnuté, dospel k záveru:
Might iridology be doing any harm? Waste of money and time are two obvious undesired effects. The possibility of false-positive diagnoses, ie, diagnosing—and subsequently treating—conditions that did not exist in the first place, seems more serious. The real problem, however, might be false-negative diagnoses: someone may feel unwell, go to an iridologist, and be given a clean bill of health. Subsequently, this person could be found to have a serious disease. In such cases, valuable time for early treatment (and indeed lives) can be lost through the use of iridology [8].
V ďalšej štúdii boli trom iridológom a desiatim študentom optometrie zobrazené farebné sklíčka dúhovky 30 ľuďom, ktorí mali zlomeninu ruky alebo nohy, a 30 kontrolám bez traumy. O dizajne štúdie sa konzultovalo s Jensenom a niekoľkými ďalšími iridológmi. Žiadny z účastníkov nepreukázal významnú diagnostickú presnosť [9]. Zlomeniny boli vybrané ako zdravotný stav, aby sa zistilo, či pôvodné tvrdenie von Peczelyho o sove so zlomenou nohou je možné reprodukovať u ľudí.
A study published in 2005 tested whether iridology could be useful in diagnosing common forms of cancer. An experienced practitioner examined the eyes of 68 people who had proven cancers of the breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, or colorectum, and 42 for whom there was no medical evidence of cancer. The practitioner, who was unaware of their gender or medical details, was asked to suggest up to five diagnoses for each person and his results were then compared with each subject’s known medical diagnosis. Iridology correctly diagnosed cancer in only 3 of the 68 cases [10].
Worrall si všimol spôsoby, akými sa iridológovia snažia ospravedlniť svoje zlyhania:
Proponents . . . use a number of ways to rationalize their inconsistencies. One may claim to make subclinical diagnoses; that is, sometimes years before there are signs or symptoms of disease. Or one may claim to use iridology to rate a subject’s constitution or susceptibility to disease. Another might dispute the medical tests used to confirm a medical diagnosis and 路may contest existence of the disease. Others may diagnose hypothetical and imagined disorders using terms such as toxic settlement, chronic weakness, or underactivity of an organ or system These broad characterizations of a subject’s state of health contrast with the detail contained in iris charts, and they are not easily quantifiable for study [9].
Bylinkár Michael Tierra opísal, ako sa rozčaroval z iridológie. Po rôznych pozorovaniach ho prestal používať, ale stále dúfal, že sa ukáže, že má nejakú hodnotu. Potom však:
Mladší kolega plne vybavený najmodernejším špecializovaným prístrojom na iridológiu sa predstavil a uviedol, že chce na mojej klinike robiť iridologické čítania a zároveň počas šiestich mesiacov sledovať priebeh mojich pacientov.
Vzhľadom na skutočnosť, že pre väčšinu z nás a aj pre mojich pacientov je šesť mesiacov dosť dlhé obdobie, mnohí z nich mali dostatok príležitostí prejsť rôznymi zdravotnými zmenami. Niektorí ľudia sa uzdravili a znova ochoreli s rovnakými alebo možno odlišnými symptómami, iní utrpeli zranenia alebo operácie. Všetci mali svoje dúhovky opakovane fotografované a študované mojim kolegom a mnou. Kde bola Peczelyho sova alebo znaky, ktoré údajne pozoroval u pacientov na oddelení maďarskej nemocnice z 19. storočia? Kde boli jemné biele hojivé línie, ktoré mali spájať drobné tmavé medzery zodpovedajúce hojeniu operácií a poranení rôznych častí tela?
Our conclusion after six months: my colleague, trying to hold on to the fast disappearing shred of belief in the validity of iridology sheepishly and somewhat guiltily sold his camera to another would-be iridology enthusiast. I buried my official iridology magnifying head band in a box in a dark, hopefully soon forgotten area of my office closet, where I must confess it still remains after over 15 years, unopened [11].
Another former iridologist, Joshua David Mather Sr., has written a detailed account of the origin and termination of his beliefs. He began studying iridology at age nine when his father became a practitioner. He abandoned it at age 25 after examining polaroid films of many patients and finding out that although their symptoms often improved, their eye markings never changed [12].
Iridológia nemá anatomický ani fyziologický zmysel. Nie je to len bezcenné. Nesprávne diagnózy môžu ľudí zbytočne vystrašiť, spôsobiť, že budú míňať peniaze vyhľadávaním lekárskej starostlivosti pre neexistujúce stavy alebo ich odviesť od potrebnej lekárskej starostlivosti, keď sa prehliadne skutočný problém.
Niektorí viacúrovňoví distribútori používajú iridológiu ako základ pre odporúčanie doplnkov stravy a/alebo bylín. Každý, kto to robí a nie je licencovaným zdravotníckym pracovníkom, by sa dopustil toho, že by vykonával lekársku prax bez licencie, čo je porušením štátneho práva.
A further German study investigated the value of iridology as a diagnostic tool in detecting some common cancers. One hundred ten subjects were enrolled; 68 subjects had histologically proven cancers of the breast, ovary, uterus, prostate, or colorectum, and 42 were cancer-free controls. All subjects were examined by an experienced practitioner of iridology, who was unaware of their medical details. He was allowed to suggest up to five diagnoses for each subject and his results were then compared with each subject’s medical diagnosis to determine the accuracy of iridology in detecting malignancy. Iridology identified the correct diagnosis in only 3 cases (sensitivity, 0.04). The authors concluded that “iridology was of no value in diagnosing the cancers investigated in this study.”
Based on these results it is impossible, I think, to claim that iridology is a valid or useful diagnostic tool. As there is no anatomical or physiological basis for its assumptions, iridology is not biologically plausible. Furthermore, the available clinical evidence does not support its validity as a diagnostic tool. In other words, iridology is bogus. This statement is in sharp contr
MAIKONG IRIDOLOGY SOFTWARE Inštalácia a prevádzka
